Diabetes (Type 1 and Type 2)

Understanding Diabetes

Diabetes is a chronic medical condition where the body is unable to properly regulate blood sugar (glucose) levels. There are two main types of diabetes in children: Type 1 and Type 2. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the pancreas produces little or no insulin, a hormone essential for converting glucose into energy. Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance, where the body does not use insulin effectively, often linked to lifestyle factors and genetics.

Recognizing Symptoms of Diabetes

You might notice several signs in your child that could indicate either Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes:

• Increased Thirst and Urination: Frequent urination and excessive thirst are common symptoms as the body tries to flush out excess glucose.
• Unexplained Weight Loss: Despite normal or increased appetite, children may lose weight, particularly with Type 1 diabetes.
• Fatigue: Persistent tiredness or lack of energy, as the body is unable to efficiently convert glucose into energy.
• Blurred Vision: High blood sugar levels can cause changes in fluid levels in the eyes, leading to blurred vision.
• Frequent Infections: Increased susceptibility to infections, particularly in the skin and urinary tract.
• Slow-Healing Sores: Cuts or sores that heal slowly, often due to impaired circulation and immune response.
• Increased Hunger: Constant hunger as the body’s cells are not getting the glucose they need for energy.
• Darkened Skin (Acanthosis Nigricans): Patches of darkened skin, typically in the folds of the neck, armpits, or groin, often associated with insulin resistance in Type 2 diabetes.