The Flu Vaccine for Kids: Common Questions

Every fall, parents ask us the same good questions about the flu vaccine. Does my child really need it every year? Why two doses? Is the nasal spray an option? What about egg allergies? This guide answers the most common questions so you can make a plan before flu season is in full swing. If you want to know about flu illness itself, symptoms and home care, that is a separate topic. Here we stick to the vaccine.

Why does my child need a flu vaccine?

Flu is not just a bad cold. Each year it sends many children to the hospital, and some healthy children die from it. Children under 5, and especially those under 2, are more likely to have serious problems such as pneumonia, dehydration or worsening of asthma. Kids with ongoing health conditions like asthma, diabetes, heart disease or neurological conditions are at higher risk too.

The vaccine does not prevent every case of flu. But vaccinated children who do get sick are less likely to become seriously ill or need hospital care. Vaccinating your child also helps protect babies, grandparents and others around them.

Who should get it?

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends a flu vaccine every year for children 6 months and older who do not have a medical reason to skip it. You can read the AAP's flu recommendations for the 2026-27 season on HealthyChildren.org. At your child's visit, ask about the schedule your pediatrician recommends for your family.

Babies younger than 6 months are too young for the vaccine. The best way to protect them is for everyone around them, including parents, siblings and caregivers, to be vaccinated.

Why every year?

Flu viruses change from year to year, and the vaccine is updated to match the strains expected to circulate. Protection from the vaccine also fades over time. A new dose each season keeps your child's protection current.

When should my child get it?

As soon as it is available in your area, usually in late summer or early fall. The AAP advises that children ideally finish their flu vaccine by the end of October. It takes about two weeks after vaccination for protection to build. That said, it is not too late to get vaccinated later in the season. Flu often circulates through winter and into spring, so a December or January dose still helps.

Why do some kids need two doses?

Children from 6 months through 8 years old who are getting the flu vaccine for the first time, or who have only had one dose in the past, need two doses given at least four weeks apart. The first dose primes the immune system and the second builds stronger protection. Getting the first dose early leaves time for the second before flu season peaks.

Children 9 and older need just one dose each year. If you are not sure how many your child needs, ask at the visit. We can check their records.

Shot or nasal spray?

There are two main forms of flu vaccine for children:

• The flu shot uses inactivated (killed) virus or a piece of the virus. It cannot give your child the flu. It is approved for children 6 months and older.
• The nasal spray uses a weakened live virus and is sprayed into the nose. It is approved for healthy people starting at age 2. It is not recommended for some children, including those with weakened immune systems, certain chronic health conditions, and young children with asthma or recent wheezing. It is also not used during pregnancy.

The AAP does not prefer one over the other for children who can safely receive either. The best vaccine is the one your child can get on time. For a child who fears needles, the spray may be an option worth asking about.

What side effects should I expect?

Most side effects are mild and pass in a day or two:

• Soreness, redness or swelling where the shot was given
• Low fever, tiredness or achiness
• With the nasal spray: runny nose, congestion, sore throat or headache

These are signs the immune system is responding, not the flu itself. A cool cloth on the arm and extra fluids can help. If your child is uncomfortable, ask your pediatrician or pharmacist about acetaminophen or ibuprofen and the right dose by weight. Do not give aspirin to children.

Serious allergic reactions are rare and usually happen within minutes to hours. That is why you may be asked to wait a short time after the shot.

My child is allergic to eggs. Can they get it?

Yes. Some flu vaccines are made using eggs, but children with egg allergy, even severe egg allergy, can receive the flu vaccine without special precautions beyond those used for any vaccine. Children who had a serious allergic reaction to a previous flu vaccine are different. They should see an allergist to talk about next steps.

What about pregnancy?

If you are pregnant, getting a flu shot protects you, and it passes antibodies to your baby that help protect them in the first months of life, before they are old enough for their own vaccine. The flu shot can be given in any trimester. The nasal spray is not used during pregnancy. Breastfeeding parents can also safely be vaccinated. Talk with your own doctor or obstetrician about your vaccine.

Can my child get the flu vaccine with other vaccines?

Yes. The flu vaccine can be given at the same visit as other vaccines your child is due for. That can save a trip.

Where can I learn more?

The AAP's guide to protecting babies and young children from flu and MedlinePlus on vaccines are reliable sources.

When to call us

Call your A thru Z Pediatrics office to schedule your child's flu vaccine, to find out whether your child needs one dose or two, or if your child has a fever that lasts more than a couple of days after a vaccine.

Call 911 or go to the ER if, after any vaccine, your child has trouble breathing, swelling of the face, lips or throat, widespread hives with dizziness or weakness, or a seizure.

Ready to protect your child this season? Request a visit.